□hec□n□eptofR□□Zha□□Be□□uanca□betraced□a□□toanci□n□Chi□ese□□ilo□□p□y□particu□arlyC□nf□ci□nismandD□oism.Confuciu□□on□oft□□mostin□□uenti□l□hilosophers□n□□in□s□his□□ry,□m□□a□izedtheimp□rt□nceof□en(□□,□hi□hcanbetranslateda□□□enevolence"□r□human□□ess."Accordin□□oCon□u□i□s,□e□isthef□ndamen□alv□rt□ethatd□fineshu□a□n□t□reandg□i□□s□ora□be□a□ior.Da□is□ph□l□□ophe□s,o□t□□o□herha□d,focus□d□nthe□atu□al□ndsp□n□□neou□□s□ec□s□fh□□ann□ture,ad□ocatin□for□re□ur□□o□im□□□□□ty□n□h□rmonywi□htheDao(道),or□□eWa□.Thec□ncepto□Re□□haDeBe□Yuanc□nbetrace□back□oancien□Ch□nesep□ilo□oph□,□□r□icu□□r□yConf□□i□nis□□ndDa□ism□□onf□cius,oneofth□□□stin□l□ent□alphiloso□her□□□□hineseh□stor□,em□h□□i□edtheimport□nce□f□e□(□),□□□□□c□nbetr□ns□ated□s□benevolen□□"or"huma□e□es□."AccordingtoC□□fucius,R□nis□hefun□amentalv□rt□etha□□efineshu□a□n□turean□guide□m□ra□b□ha□□or□D□oistphi□□sop□ers,onth□o□herhand,f□□□sedonthen□t□ralandspo□□□neous□spec□sofh□man□atu□e□ad□oca□i□□f□raretu□ntos□mplicityand□□rm□nywith□heDao(□□,orth□Wa□.□□□concept□fRen□haDeBen□u□ncanbe□r□c□dbac□toan□i□ntCh□nesephilosoph□,pa□tic□□□□□yConf□cia□□sma□d□aoism□C□□f□c□□s□□□e□f□h□mosti□□l□□n□□□□philos□ph□□sinCh□n□s□his□ory,em□hasi□edt□□imp□rt□n□eofR□n(仁)□whichcanbet□a□slat□d□s□b□nevo□en□e"□□"□u□□nenes□□□□□cor□ingtoCo□□uci□s□Renist□efu□□a□entalv□rtueth□td□fine□□u□annatu□eandgu□desmo□albeh□□io□.D□o□st□□i□□sophers,□nt□eot□erhand,focusedonthenaturaland□□o□t□neo□□a□pectsof□umanna□□r□,a□vo□□tingfo□aret□r□□osim□licit□andharm□□□withtheDao(道),or□heW□y□" />
全集
Theconc□pt□□□enZhaDe□en□ua□□anb□t□acedb□□kt□ancientC□ineseph□l□sop□y,□art□cularly□□n□ucianismand□aoi□m.C□nfu□ius,oneofthemostinflu□□tialphilosophersinChin□s□hi□tory□emphasizedt□□importanceofRen(仁),□hic□ca□b□t□a□□latedas"b□nevolenc□"or"humanene□s."Accord□ngtoCon□□□ius,Renisthefund□mentalv□rt□ethat□ef□n□s□umannatureandguidesmoralb□havior.Daoistphil□sophers□onth□other□and,f□cus□d□n□henat□ral□ndspontaneousaspe□t□of□umanna□ur□,a□v□catingforareturnt□□implicit□andharmonywiththeDao(□),ortheWa□. Theconc□pt□f□enZhaDeBen□uanca□betra□edbac□t□ancientChi□esephil□sophy,particul□□lyCo□fucianisman□□aois□.Co□fuciu□,oneofth□mo□t□□fluentialph□losophersinChi□□□ehi□to□y,□mpha□izedth□importanceofRe□(仁)□whichcanbetranslatedas"benevolen□e"o□"humaneness."□ccordingtoConfucius,□en□sthef□nd□mentalvir□uethatde□i□e□h□mannatureandgu□desmora□behavi□r□□aoistphilos□phers□□ntheotherhan□,focusedonthenaturalandspo□□aneousaspect□□fhu□annatu□e,advoc□tin□fo□□returntosimp□i□i□yandh□rmo□□w□th□heDao(道),o□theWay. TheconceptofRenZhaDe□enYuan□a□betracedbacktoancientChines□ph□los□p□y□par□ic□l□□ly□onfucianism□ndDaoism□Co□□ucius,o□eof□□em□stinfluen□i□lphilos□ph□□s□nCh□ne□ehistor□,emphas□zedtheimpor□ance□□Ren(仁),whichcan□etranslatedas"b□ne□olen□e"o□□hum□□eness."Acco□di□gtoConf□cius,Renisthefundamentalvi□tuethatde□ineshumann□turean□gu□d□smoralbehavior.Daois□phil□sophers,ontheot□e□□and,□oc□sedo□thenatu□alandsponta□eousaspe□tsofhuma□n□ture,advoca□ingf□□areturntos□mpl□cityandharmonywiththeD□o(道),orthe□ay.□/p> Thec□n□eptofR□□Zha□eBenYuancanbetracedba□□toanci□n□Chinese□hilo□□p□y□particularlyC□nf□cianismandD□oism.Confucius,on□ofthemostin□□uentialphilosophers□nC□in□sehis□□ry,empha□izedtheimp□rt□nceofRen(仁),whichcanbetranslatedas□benevolence"□r"humaneness."Accordin□□oConfu□i□s,□enisthef□ndamen□alv□rt□ethatd□fineshu□a□n□tureandg□i□esmoralbeha□ior.Daois□ph□lo□ophers,o□t□□o□herha□d,focus□d□nthenaturalandsp□nt□neou□□s□ec□sofh□mann□ture,ad□ocatingfor□retur□□o□im□l□□ity□n□h□rmonywiththeDao(道),or□heWa□. Thec□nceptofRe□ZhaDeBenYuancanbetrace□back□oancientCh□nesephilosoph□,□□r□icu□arlyConfu□i□nismandDaoism□□onfucius,oneofthem□stinfluentialphiloso□her□i□Chineseh□story,empha□i□edtheimport□nceofRe□(□),□□□chc□nbetranslatedas□benevolen□□"or"huma□e□ess."AccordingtoC□nfucius,R□nisthefun□amentalv□rtuetha□defineshu□a□natureandguide□m□ralb□ha□ior□D□oistphi□osop□ers,onth□otherhand,f□c□sedonthen□turalandspo□□aneous□spec□sofhumannatu□e□ad□ocati□□f□raretu□ntosimplicityandh□rmonywith□heDao(□),ortheWa□. □heconceptofRen□haDeBen□uancanbetracedbacktoan□i□ntCh□nesephilosophy,partic□l□rlyConf□cianisma□dDaoism□C□□f□c□□s□□ne□f□hemosti□□l□en□ialphilosophe□sinCh□n□s□history,emphasizedt□□importan□eofR□n(仁)□whichcanbet□a□slat□d□s□b□nevolence"□□"□u□□nenes□□"A□cor□ingtoCo□fuci□s□Renist□efu□da□entalvirtuethatd□fine□humannatu□eandgu□desmo□albeh□□io□.Daoist□□ilosophers,□ntheot□erhand,focusedonthenaturaland□pont□neou□a□pectsof□umanna□ur□,advo□atingfo□aret□r□□osim□licityandharmo□ywiththeDao(道),or□heWay□