Theconc□p□of□e□Z□aD□Ben□ua□c□nbet□aced□acktoan□i□ntChinese□hilosop□□,□a□t□□□la□lyCo□fu□□an□smandD□□i□m.Co□fuc□us□oneofth□most□nfluent□□l□hilos□phers□nC□inesehi□□□ry□emph□siz□d□heimpor□a□ceo□□□n(仁),whic□□□□□□□ranslatedas□ben□□□lence"o□"□um□□enes□."AccordingtoCo□fu□i□□,Renisthefunda□entalvir□□e□hatdefi□□s□um□□□atu□eandgui□esmor□lbehav□or□□ao□s□philosophe□s□□□□heoth□□hand□fo□us□□onthen□□uraland□□ontane□usaspe□ts□fh□m□n□□□ure,adv□cating□orar□□urnt□□imp□ici□yandharmon□w□ththe□ao(道),ort□eWay.□/p>□hec□n□e□□□fR□nZhaDeB□n□u□□c□□betr□ce□backt□an□i□ntChi□es□philoso□□y,□a□ticu□arlyCo□□□□□□ni□m□ndDaoism.C□nfucius,on□of□he□□stinfl□entia□ph□□oso□hersin□hine□ehisto□y□emphasi□e□thei□p□□ta□ceofR□n(仁),□hichcanbetranslateda□"benevolenc□"or□□umane□□ss□"AccordingtoC□nfu□ius□□e□□sthefun□a□enta□virtuetha□□efin□s□uma□natureandgui□esm□□□lbehavior.□ao□s□phil□□□phe□s□ont□eoth□rha□d□focusedonthenatur□□and□□on□□□□ousasp□ctsof□uma□natu□e□advo□at□□gforareturntos□□pl□cityan□harmon□wit□□heD□o□道)□o□the□ay.□h□□onc□pto□RenZha□□□e□Y□a□ca□betraced□ackt□an□ie□□□□□n□sephil□sophy,partic□larlyConf□c□an□sm□ndD□oi□m.Co□fuc□us□oneof□□□m□s□□n□□uen□i□□ph□□□soph□□□□□C□in□□ehi□t□r□,emph□□izedthe□□por□anc□of□en□仁),w□ichca□bet□anslatedas□benevol□nce"or"humanene□□.□Ac□or□i□g□□C□□□ucius□Re□i□thefun□am□nt□□vi□tu□□hatdef□ne□huma□n□tur□□n□guide□mor□lbeh□□ior.□□oi□tp□i□os□pher□,□n□he□th□rha□d□□oc□sedont□e□a□u□al□n□sp□n□□neous□spectsofhuma□nature,a□v□catin□□or□re□urntosimpl□cityand□□r□□nyw□th□heDao□道□,□r□heW□y." />
T□ec□nceptof□e□Z□aD□Ben□uancan□etr□cedbac□to□ncie□tChinesephil□□ophy,part□cul□rly□□□□uci□nismandD□oism.Confucius,oneofthem□sti□fluentia□phi□osophers□nChinesehi□tor□,emphasized□heimportanceo□Ren(仁),wh□chcanbetransla□edas"□enevo□enc□"o□"human□□es□.□□ccord□ngtoC□nfucius□Ren□st□efund□mental□irtuetha□de□ineshumann□□ur□andgui□es□oralbehavior.Daoistphilosophers,on□heotherhan□,fo□use□ont□ena□uralandspontane□□sa□pectsofhumannatu□e,□dvo□atingforareturntosimplicit□andharmonyw□ththeDao(道),ortheW□y. Theconceptof□enZhaDe□□nYuancanbetrace□bac□t□anc□entChinesephilos□□hy,□a□□icularlyCo□fucian□□□□n□Da□ism.Confuc□us,□□eof□□□mos□influentialphi□osophersinChin□seh□sto□y□emphasizedthe□m□orta□ceo□Re□(仁□□whichcanb□t□an□lateda□"benevolence□or"human□n□ss."Acco□dingtoConfucius,Renisthef□nd□ment□lvirtu□thatde□in□shumannatureandguidesmoralbehavi□□□□aois□□hilo□op□ers,□nt□eoth□rhan□,foc□sed□nthenatura□andspontane□usasp□ctsofhu□an□ature,a□vocati□gfo□areturntos□□p□icitya□□h□rmonywithth□□ao(道),ortheWay. Theconcep□□fR□nZhaDeB□n□u□□canbetr□cedbackt□an□i□ntChines□philosop□y,pa□ticularlyCon□□□□□nism□ndDaoism.C□nfucius,on□ofthe□□stinfl□entia□ph□losophersinChine□ehistory,emphasizedthei□p□rta□ceofR□n(仁),□hichcanbetranslatedas"benevolenc□"or□□umaneness."AccordingtoConfu□ius□□enisthefun□amenta□virtuethatdefines□umannatureandguidesm□□albehavior.Dao□stphil□□ophers□ont□eotherhand,focusedonthenatur□□ands□on□a□□ousaspectsofhumannature□advocatingforareturntos□□plicityan□harmon□withtheD□o□道)□orthe□ay.